Global drought is a serious issue that affects food security throughout the world. This phenomenon refers to reduced rainfall during certain periods that causes water shortages, affecting agriculture and food systems. In recent years, droughts have become more frequent, triggered by climate change and human activities. The main impact of drought on food security is seen in agricultural production. Crops such as rice, corn and wheat are highly dependent on water availability. Without sufficient water, crop yields decrease drastically, which in turn causes a decrease in food supplies. Data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) shows that regions experiencing significant drought face productivity declines of up to 30%. In addition, drought increases food prices on the global market. When supply is in deficit, prices of basic goods tend to soar, causing inflation which is detrimental to consumers. Countries that depend on food imports will be increasingly under pressure, which has the potential to trigger a food crisis at the global level. The social impact of drought cannot be ignored either. Communities who depend on agriculture for their livelihoods will feel the direct impact. Loss of income and economic instability can lead to mass migration, creating challenges for the countries to which refugees are sent. This instability can worsen food security, as more people must compete for limited resources. Changes in consumer behavior are also one of the impacts of the global drought. People are starting to move to more sustainable consumption patterns, such as reducing meat consumption and choosing more environmentally friendly foods. This encourages sustainable agriculture as an alternative to dealing with drought, which can help meet food needs without damaging the environment. Modern agricultural technology plays an important role in mitigating the impacts of drought. The use of efficient irrigation technology, drought-resistant crop varieties, and integrated farming practices helps farmers to adapt to uncertain conditions. Investment in research and development of climate-smart agriculture is critical to improving drought resilience. On a policy scale, governments need to work together internationally to overcome the challenges faced by drought. Establishing policies that support sustainable water resources management and investing in irrigation infrastructure can help improve food security. Regional cooperation is also important to minimize resource conflicts between drought-affected countries. Civil society and non-governmental organizations also play an important role in raising awareness about this issue. Educating the public about the importance of sustainable use of resources and the need to support local farmers can build better food security. Involving communities in the planning and implementation of mitigation programs can increase the effectiveness of these efforts. International agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, also put a focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change and, in turn, drought. By involving all levels of society and strengthening cooperation between countries, the negative impact of global drought on food security can be minimized. Integral adaptation and mitigation measures will help create a more resilient food system in the future.
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